📘 Lesson · Lesson 71

Virtual Functions

What is a Virtual Function?

💡 Note

A virtual function lets the correct overridden method run based on the actual object type at runtime (runtime polymorphism).

Example

C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Animal {
public:
    virtual void sound() { cout << "Some sound\n"; }
};
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
    void sound() override { cout << "Bark\n"; }
};
int main() {
    Animal* a = new Dog();
    a->sound();   // Bark (runtime decides)
    return 0;
}

Output:
Bark

Summary

virtual enables runtime polymorphism — the object's real type decides which method runs.
Use a base-class pointer to a derived object.

Virtual Function क्या है?

💡 Note

Virtual function runtime पर actual object type के आधार पर सही overridden method चलाता है (runtime polymorphism)।

Example

C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Animal {
public:
    virtual void sound() { cout << "Some sound\n"; }
};
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
    void sound() override { cout << "Bark\n"; }
};
int main() {
    Animal* a = new Dog();
    a->sound();   // Bark (runtime तय करता है)
    return 0;
}

Output:
Bark

सारांश

virtual runtime polymorphism देता है — object का असली type तय करता है कौन सा method चले।
Derived object को base-class pointer से use करें।

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