🟡 Control Flow · Lesson 15

if, else-if and else Statements

What is if, else-if and else Statements?

if, else-if and else Statements
Conditional statements allow a program to make decisions. They execute different blocks of code depending on whether a condition is true or false.

Level
🟡 Control Flow and Core Programming

Example File
if-else.cpp

Main Focus
Concept + syntax + practical C++ program

Why should you learn this?

It helps you write correct and readable C++ programs.
It is used repeatedly in school practicals, projects and competitive programming.
It builds the base for advanced topics such as OOP, STL and data structures.

Important Terms

Term	Meaning / Use
condition	Condition used in if, else-if and else Statements programming.
if	If used in if, else-if and else Statements programming.
else if	Else if used in if, else-if and else Statements programming.
else	Else used in if, else-if and else Statements programming.
block	Block used in if, else-if and else Statements programming.

Syntax / Pattern

if (condition) { } else { }

Example Program

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    int marks = 72;
    if (marks >= 90) cout << "A+";
    else if (marks >= 60) cout << "Pass";
    else cout << "Need Improvement";
    return 0;
}

Expected Output

Pass

Program Explanation

First condition is false, second is true.
Only the matching block is executed.

Exam Tip: In C++ practical answers, write the logic first, then the program, then expected output. For theory, always include one suitable example.

Where will you use it?

grade systems
eligibility checks
login validation

Common Mistakes

Using = instead of ==.
Missing braces in multi-line blocks.

Practice Tasks

Check pass/fail from marks.
Find greatest of three numbers.

Summary

if, else-if and else Statements is an important C++ topic. Learn the definition, understand the syntax, run the example program and then solve the practice tasks to make the concept strong.