What are Input and Output in Python?

Input means data given to a program by the user. Output means the result shown by the program on the screen. In Python, input() is used to take input and print() is used to display output.

Example: in a marks calculator, the student name and marks are input; total, percentage and grade are output.

Output with print()

print() displays text, numbers, variables or calculated results on the screen.

print("Hello Python")
print(10 + 20)
name = "Riya"
print("Welcome", name)

Using sep and end in print()

sep decides what comes between multiple values. end decides what comes at the end of the print line.

print("A", "B", "C", sep="-")
print("Python", end=" ")
print("Tutorial")

Input with input()

input() shows a message to the user and waits for typing. Whatever the user types is received as a string.

name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello", name)

Important: input() always returns text

If you want to perform calculation, convert the input into int or float.

num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("Sum:", num1 + num2)

Taking Multiple Inputs

split() can divide one line input into multiple parts.

a, b = input("Enter two numbers: ").split()
a = int(a)
b = int(b)
print("Product:", a * b)

Formatted Output with f-string

f-string is the cleanest way to show variables inside a sentence.

name = "Riya"
percentage = 86.5
print(f"{name} scored {percentage}% marks.")

Complete Program: Student Marks Input

name = input("Enter student name: ")
maths = int(input("Enter Maths marks: "))
english = int(input("Enter English marks: "))
computer = int(input("Enter Computer marks: "))

total = maths + english + computer
percentage = total / 3

print("\n----- Result -----")
print(f"Name: {name}")
print(f"Total Marks: {total}")
print(f"Percentage: {percentage:.2f}%")

Expected Output

Common Mistakes

• Forgetting to convert input into int or float before calculation.
• Writing prompt messages that are not clear for the user.
• Using too many print statements without formatting the output properly.
• Not handling wrong input such as letters instead of numbers.

Practice Tasks

1. Take name, class and section from the user and print an ID-card style output.
2. Take marks of 5 subjects and print total and percentage.
3. Take price and quantity and print final bill amount.
4. Use f-string to display output in a clean sentence.

Summary

input() receives data from the user, print() displays results, and type casting converts text input into numbers for calculation. This topic is required for almost every interactive Python program.